Characterisation of the electric drive of EV: on-road versus off-road method

For system design, analysis of global performance and energy management of electric vehicles (EVs), it is common to use the efficiency map of electric traction drive. The characterisation of the efficiency map with high accuracy is then an important issue. In this study, an on-road method and an off-road method are compared experimentally to determine the efficiency map of electric drive of EVs. The off-road method requires a dedicated experimental test bed, which is expensive and time consuming. The on-road method is achieved directly in-vehicle. Experimental data, recorded during an on-road driving cycle, are used to determine the efficiency map using non-intrusive measurements from global positioning system antenna, voltage and current sensors. A versatile experimental setup is used to compare both methods on the same platform. A maximal efficiency difference of 6% is achieved in most of the torque–speed plane. It is shown that, in an energetic point of view, both methods yield similar results. © The Institution of Engineering and Technology 201

Teaching drive control using Energetic Macroscopic Representation - expert level

International audienceThe Energetic Macroscopic Representation (EMR) has been developed in 2000 to develop control of electric drives. Since 2002 this graphical tool has been introduced to teach drive control in France, then Canada, Switzerland and China. The University of Lille proposes two drive control units using EMR for students in electrical engineering: initiation level and expert level. A first paper has described the initiation level with the simulation of an electric vehicle. This second paper deals with the content of the expert level unit and describes the simulation project of a wind energy conversion system using a MPPT (Maximal Power Point Tracking) strategy

Teaching drive control using Energetic Macroscopic Representation - expert level

International audienceThe Energetic Macroscopic Representation (EMR) has been developed in 2000 to develop control of electric drives. Since 2002 this graphical tool has been introduced to teach drive control in France, then Canada, Switzerland and China. The University of Lille proposes two drive control units using EMR for students in electrical engineering: initiation level and expert level. A first paper has described the initiation level with the simulation of an electric vehicle. This second paper deals with the content of the expert level unit and describes the simulation project of a wind energy conversion system using a MPPT (Maximal Power Point Tracking) strategy

Climate Events and Insurance Demand - The effect of potentially catastrophic events on insurance demand in Italy.

Climate extreme events are constantly increasing. What is the effect of these potentially catastrophic events on insurance demand in Italy, with particular reference to the economic activities? Extreme precipitation events over most of the midlatitude land masses and over wet tropical regions will very likely become more intense and more frequent by the end of this century, as global mean surface temperature increases. If we look to Italy, examination of the precipitation time series shows a sensitive and highly significant decrease in the total number of precipitation events in Italy, with a trend of events intense dissimilar as regards to low and high intensity, with a decline of firsts and an increase of seconds. The risk related to hydrological natural disasters is in Italy one of the most important problem for both damage and number of victims. How evolves the ability to pay for damages, with a view to safeguarding work and economic activities, and employment protection

Integrated Traction/Charge/Air Compression Supply using 3-Phase Split-windings Motor for Electric Vehicle

High cost, no-ideal driving range and charge time limit electric vehicle market share. Facing these challenges, an in-tegrated motor drive/battery charger system has been proposed by Valeo. A further advancement, based on this system, is present in this paper; for the first time, the integration of traction, charging and air-compressor supply modes is proposed and tested by real-time experimentation. This integrated system is expected to in-crease the vehicle component compactness and power, therefore potentially reduce the cost and battery charging time. An overall and unique control scheme is detailed to achieve the three main operating modes: traction, charging and air-compressor supply modes. The real-time experimentation results show the system fea-sibility

Gestion d'énergie de véhicules électriques hybrides basée sur la représentation énergétique macroscopique

La résolution du problème de pollution est l'un des défis du XXIème siècle. Ces dernières années ont vu un développement important de Véhicules Électriques Hybrides (VEHs) qui allient les avantages des propulsions thermique (autonomie) et électrique (faible pollution). Le système embarqué est de plus en plus complexe car il multiplie les éléments de conversion énergétique ainsi que les couplages. L'objectif de ce travail est de proposer une méthodologie d'étude de VEHs pour en déduire des règles de commande (gestion locale de l'énergie) et de stratégie (gestion globale de l'énergie). Nous avons utilisé la Représentation Énergétique Macroscopique (REM), qui décrit de manière synthétique des systèmes complexes et leur commande, basée sur le principe d'action et de réaction des éléments connectés. Trois types de véhicules ont ainsi été étudiés, les architectures hybrides série, parallèle et mixte. La REM permet de mettre en avant les nœuds énergétiques des VEHs étudiés. En se basant sur l'exploitation des contraintes et propriétés énergétiques des sous systèmes associés, l'inversion de ces couplages fait apparaître, au sein de la structure de commande locale, les divers degrés de liberté qui mènent à l'articulation de la gestion globale de l'énergie des architectures étudiées. De part la complexité et la multidisciplinarité des véhicules hybrides, ce travail a également participé à l'extension des travaux de formalisme pour la commande et la gestion d'énergie des systèmes à énergies réparties. De nombreux travaux sont en cours et restent à faire pour développer ce type de véhicule.LILLE1-BU (590092102) / SudocSudocFranceF

Comparison between forward and backward approaches for the simulation of an electric vehicle

Because of the petroleum depletion and the increase of pollutants, Hybrid Vehicles and Electric Vehicles seem to be a good solution to address these problems. Regarding the modelling and the control on these vehicles, two approaches are classically used: forward and backward methods. This paper presents a comparison between these two approaches for the simulation of an electric vehicle

Energetic Macroscopic Representation

International audienceEnergetic Macroscopic Representation1. EMR basic elements• General principles• Source, accumulation and conversion elements• Coupling elements2. EMR of a whole system• Action and tuning path• Association rules• Example3. Conclusio

Représentation énergétique macroscopique et gestion de l'énergie multi-niveaux pour véhicules hybrides lourds en utilisant un double train épicycloïdal

Actuellement, les Véhicules Electriques Hybrides (VEHs) sont considérés comme une partie essentielle du futur de l'industrie automobile. En effet, cette technologie permet de réduire la consommation de carburant et les émissions de gaz à effet de serre et ce, sans réduire les performances. Les VEHs sont composées de deux ou plusieurs sources d'énergie. Ces sources peuvent être organisées selon plusieurs architectures. Dans cette thèse, l architecture série-parallèle est choisie pour des véhicules types militaires et de collecte d ordures. Les VEHs étudiés contiennent un double train planétaire. Ce nouveau répartiteur de puissance rend le système très complexe. Par conséquent, dans cette thèse, la modélisation des VEHs étudiés avec un double train planétaire est faite. L utilisation de la Représentation Macroscopique Energétique (REM), représentation graphique permettant de déduire la structure de commande, est effectuée pour les deux véhicules étudiés. Cette thèse aborde également la problématique de la gestion de l'énergie des systèmes multi-sources pour les VEHs. Leur stratégie de gestion de l'énergie regroupe plusieurs disciplines et soulève différents challenges. Les défis résident principalement dans la gestion de la dépense d'énergie, la détermination de la répartition de l énergie et l établissement de méthode d'interface entre les différents systèmes de manière à répondre aux exigences de la propulsion et des autres exigences de la charge. Dans ce travail, une nouvelle organisation de la stratégie de gestion de l énergie a été effectuée pour les véhicules étudiés (véhicules militaire et de collecte d ordures) par une décomposition de cette gestion en 3 niveaux bien distincts.Currently, Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) are considered to be a critical part of the future vehicle industry. This is because they allow for decreased fuel consumption and emissions without a decline in performance. HEVs are composed of two or more power sources and can be arranged in various topologies. In this thesis, a series-parallel architecture is chosen for military and garbage trucks. The studied HEVs contain a Double Planetary Geartrain as a Power Split Device (PSD), which makes the system very intricate and complex. Therefore, in this thesis, modeling of studied HEVs with a PSD is done. Later, through the assistance of Energetic Macroscopic Representation (EMR) it is graphically represented and local control structure for both vehicles are deduced.This dissertation also addresses the problem of managing energy of multiple energy sources for the studied HEVs. The Energy Management Strategy (EMS) in application to HEVs encompasses several different disciplines and challenges. Primarily, the challenges lies in managing the energy expenditure, determining the proportional power splits and establishing methods to interface between the systems so as to meet the demands of the vehicle propulsion and other load requirements. In this work, an attempt has been made to provide a new organization of EMS by decomposition in 3 explicit levels for studied vehicles i.e. military and garbage truck.LILLE1-Bib. Electronique (590099901) / SudocSudocFranceF

Différentes structures de commandes pour un VE batterie - SCs

CNRS, Innovatives, Voitures du futur, PARIS, FRANCE, 31-/03/2015 - 31/03/2015Gestion d'énergie dans un Îhicule électrique batterie-supercondensateurs (SCs). Représentation Energétique Macroscopique (REM) structure de commande systématique. Comparaison avec d'autres structures de commande issue de la littératur